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- <text id=89TT0591>
- <title>
- Feb. 27, 1989: Time Is Not On Their Side
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 27, 1989 The Ayatullah Orders A Hit
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BEHAVIOR, Page 74
- Time Is Not on Their Side
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Fresh insights into why many poor children do badly in school
- </p>
- <p> For a child in kindergarten, the day is carefully divided
- into time for listening, playing, coloring, snacking and
- napping. Middle-class children, raised by parents who worship
- their watches, adapt easily to this regimen. But for many
- disadvantaged inner-city youngsters, the structure of the
- school day apparently seems totally unfamiliar. They often
- resist the idea that they should stop doing one thing simply
- because it is time to do something else.
- </p>
- <p> Why are many children of the urban poor so uncomfortable in
- school? One explanation comes from University of Chicago
- Professor Dolores Norton, who is conducting a unique study of
- the intellectual development of children in poor families. Her
- conclusion: growing up in an unstructured home environment, they
- do not develop a sense of time that enables them to adapt well
- to school. "When they come to school, these children enter a
- world that was not created for them," says Norton, who teaches
- at the university's School of Social Service Administration.
- "Imagine yourself in a classroom with adults who speak your
- language, yet you are unable to interpret what they want you to
- do, even though you wish to please them." Not understanding the
- meaning of time, she asserts, is a handicap that may partly
- account for the poor academic performance of many inner-city
- children throughout their school careers.
- </p>
- <p> Norton's insights come from first-hand research. For the
- past six years, she has been regularly videotaping, from
- infancy, about 40 children born to young mothers living in the
- most blighted, impoverished pockets of Chicago. She lets her
- camera roll for up to four hours at a time, capturing the
- ordinary rhythms and interactions of a child's life at home.
- Reviewing thousands of hours of tapes, Norton found that
- references to time were rare. Most parents hardly ever provided
- instructions like "Finish lunch so you can see your favorite TV
- program at 1:30," or even sequential statements like "First put
- on your socks, then your shoes." Daily routines, such as Daddy
- or Mommy leaving for work and regular times for bed and meals,
- are usually nonexistent in these cramped, dangerous quarters
- where even the most conscientious mothers have trouble keeping
- food in the cupboard and steering clear of gang violence.
- </p>
- <p> Children from these homes may be able to read a clock, but
- that does not mean they understand time. Norton found that most
- of her young subjects scored lower than average on seriation
- tests, which measured their abilities to understand sequences of
- events. The less a mother had talked to her child about time
- over the years, the worse the youngster performed on the tests.
- </p>
- <p> Other child-development experts concur with Norton's
- findings. Many poor children, they note, are mystified by the
- "time-slotted" school environment, where crayons are often
- taken away before the picture is finished because it is juice
- time. Says clinical psychologist Jeree Pawl, director of the
- Infant-Parent Program at San Francisco General Hospital: "The
- structured situation makes them feel powerless. It feels
- arbitrary, senseless and imposed because at home there is no
- predictability and rigidity." Confused youngsters may withdraw
- or rebel, prompting some teachers to peg these children as
- troublemakers or slow learners.
- </p>
- <p> J. Ronald Lally, a San Francisco educational psychologist,
- recalls his own experiment in teaching concepts of time to
- low-income children in a Syracuse pre-school center. "There was
- too much attention to time in the curriculum," says Lally, and
- this pitted students against teachers in a power struggle. He
- replaced this rigid format with a flexible curriculum in which
- children could set their own agendas, while teachers gradually
- and gently introduced concepts of time. Notes Lally: "The kids
- learned about time, but it wasn't connected to discipline."
- </p>
- <p> Norton thinks classrooms like the one in Syracuse can teach
- youngsters about time and thus enhance self-discipline and turn
- their attention to learning. The question is whether even an
- ideal school can reverse the damage done by the isolated,
- timeless world into which most poor children are born.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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